| Term | Definition |
| I | 1. Represents the moment of inertia of a member. 2. Occupancy Importance Factor. 3. Represents Amperes. |
| I Beam | An American Standard designation for a particular section of hot-rolled steel which in cross section is shaped like a capital "I". |
| I-beam | A steel beam with a cross section resembling the letter I. It is used for long spans as basement beams or over wide wall openings, such as a double garage door, when wall and roof loads bear down on the opening. |
| I-joist | Manufactured structural building component resembling the letter "I". Used as floor joists and rafters. I-joists include two key parts: flanges and webs. The flange or from of the I joist may be made of laminated veneer lumber or dimensional lumber, usual |
| IAQ | Indoor Air Quality. |
| IBC | International Building Code. |
| ICBO | International Conference of Building Officials. |
| ICC | International Code Council. |
| ICC | Interstate Commerce Commission. |
| Ice Cream Cabinet | Commercial refrigerator which operates at approximately 0° F. (-18° C.); used for storage of ice cream. |
| Ice Dam | An ice obstruction along the eaves of a roof caused by the refreezing of water emanating from melting snow on the roof surface above. |
| Ice Maker | An appliance that freezes water into ice chunks or cubes. |
| Ice Melting Equivalent | The amount of heat absorbed by melting ice at 32° F. (0° C.) is 144 BTUs per pound of ice or 288,000 BTUs per ton; also called Ice Melting Effect |
| Ice Storage Bin | A container which holds ice and maintains its solid properties. |
| ID | 1. Inside Diameter. 2. Inside Dimension. |
| ID | Inside diameter |
| Idiot Stick | See Layout Stick. See Story Pole, 2. |
| Idler | Pulley used on some belt drives to provide proper belt tension and to eliminate belt vibration. |
| Ignition Transformer | Transformer designed to provide a high- voltage current; used in many heating systems to ignite fuel; it provides a spark gap. |
| IIAR | International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration. |
| IIC | A new system utilized in the Federal Housing Administration recommended criteria for impact sound insulation. |
| Ikat | Chinese silk or cotton fabric tie-dyed to create softly outlined geometric patterns. |
| IL | Intensity Level. |
| ILIA | Indiana Limestone Institute of America, Inc. |
| Illegal | Contrary to or against the law. |
| Illiquid | Deficient in liquid assets. |
| Illuminate | Light up, make bright, usually with electrical lighting. |
| Ilmenite | A mineral having the theoretical composition FO TiO2used principally in the production of titanium oxide. |
| IMC | Intermediate Metal Conduit. |
| IME | 1. Ice Melting Equivalent. 2. Ice Melting Effect. |
| IMI | International Masonry Institute. |
| Immeasurable | Not measurable; immense. |
| Immiscibility | Incapability of being mixed or made homogeneous. |
| Immune | Not subject to legal process. |
| Impact | The effect that escalation or delay has on other work in a construction schedule, ripple effect. |
| Impact Barrier | A barrier constructed to resist dynamic loading on a surface. |
| Impact Insulation Class (IIC) | A single figure rating that provides an estimate of the sound insulating performance of a floor or ceiling assembly. |
| Impasto | Thick application of pigment to canvas or other surface which makes the painting stand out in bold relief. |
| Impedance | The opposition to electrical flow in an alternating current electrical circuit. |
| Impeller | A blade of a pumping device; a propeller type fitting which produces suction when rotated. |
| Imperial Gallon | Unit of volume measure used in Great Britain and Canada, containing 277.42 cubic inches and weighing 10 pounds; compared with U.S. gallon of 231 cubic inches and 8.33 pounds in weight. |
| Imperial Units | See United States Customary Systems. |
| Impermeability | The resistance an asphalt pavement has to the passage of air and water into or through the pavement. |
| Impermeable | Does not permit the passage of fluids; impervious. |
| Impermeable material | A soil that has properties which prevent movement of water through the material. |
| Impervious | Not letting water or moisture pass through or be absorbed; the degree of vitrification evidenced visually by complete resistance to dye penetration; impervious generally signifies zero absorption, except for floor and wall tile which are considered imperv |
| Impervious Tile | Tile designated by water absorption of 0.5 percent or less. |
| Imperviousness | The quality of resisting moisture penetration. |
| Implied Contract | A contract that is not in words. |
| Implied Covenant | A promise that is not expressed in a contract, but that is implied from the surrounding circumstances. |
| Implied Indemnity | An obligation to indemnify that arises not from the words of a contract, but from the circumstances of the parties. |
| Implied Warranty | A promise, usually related to a the quality or serviceability of goods, that is not in words but is implied from the circumstances of a sale. |
| Imported Marble | Marble shipped in from another country or area. |
| Impossibility | A doctrine of contract law that excuses performance that becomes physically impossible. |
| Impreg | Wood in which the cell walls have been impregnated with synthetic resin so as to reduce greatly its swelling and shrinking; impreg is not compressed; compare with Compreg. |
| Impregnate | To saturate, fill, or permeate one substance with another, as wood with chemicals. |
| Imprest Cash Fund | A petty cash fund maintained for minor disbursements and from time-to-time restored to its original amount by a transfer from the general cash account of an amount equal to the sum of disbursements. |
| Improvements | Any enhancements to value of property including buildings, paving, fencing, and landscaping |
| In Situ | 1. In the natural or original place. 2. Concrete poured in place. |
| In Situ Concrete | Poured in place concrete. |
| In-the-White | Natural or unpainted; the natural unfinished surface of the wood. |
| Inactive Door | In a pair of doors, the leaf that does not contain a lock, but is bolted when closed, and to which the strike is fastened to receive the latch or bolt of the active door. |
| Incandescent Fixture | An electric light fixture in which the lamp or bulb has a filament that gives off light when heated to incandescence by an electric current. |
| Incandescent lamp | A lamp employing an electrically charged metal filament that glows at white heat. A typical light bulb. |
| Inch | A unit of linear measure equal to 1/12 of a foot and equal to 2.54 centimeters. |
| Inchoate | Only partly formed, or just begun, as an idea or the beginnings of an operation. |
| Incinerator | A furnace or apparatus for reducing waste materials to ashes by burning. |
| Incinerator, Laboratory | See Laboratory Incinerator. |
| Incinerator, Medical | See Medical Incinerator. |
| Incised | 1. Cut into the surface; engraved. 2. In ceramics, decorated by cutting or indenting the ware surface. |
| Incline | The slope of a roof expressed either in percent or in the number of vertical units of rise per horizontal unit of run. |
| Incombustible | Incapable of being burned. |
| Income & Expense Statement | Summarizes the operations of the company over a period of time; also known as a profit and loss statement. |
| Income Approach | A real estate appraisal method by which the income stream is capitalized. |
| Incompatibility | The quality or state of two materials that are not suitable to be used together. |
| Incompatible | Describes material which cannot be mixed with another material without damaging original properties. |
| Incomplete Fusion | Fusion which is less than complete. |
| Increaser | A fitting in the vent stack before the stack enters the roof; installed to enlarge the stack and reduces the possibility of water vapor condensing and freezing to the point of closing the opening. |
| Increment Borer | 1. An augerlike instrument with a hollow bit and an extractor, used to extract thin radial cylinders of wood from trees to determine age and growth rate. 2. Also used in wood preservation to determine the depth of penetration of a preservative. |
| Incubator | An apparatus for the maintenance of controlled conditions. |
| Incubator, Laboratory | See Laboratory Incubator. |
| Incurable Depreciation | Decreases to value of property that cannot be rectified or are too expensive to allay. |
| Indemnification | A contractual obligation by which a person or entity agrees to reimburse others for loss or damage arising from specified liabilities; also called Hold Harmless. |
| Indemnity | A promise to hold a person harmless from liability or loss. |
| Indentation | In a spot, seam, or projection weld, the depression on the exterior surface or surfaces of the base metal. |
| Independent Contractor | A person who, in performing services for another, is responsible only for the final result, and is not subject to control as to the methods used to achieve that result. |
| Indeterminate | Statically indeterminate |
| Index | The interest rate or adjustment standard that determines the changes in monthly payments for an adjustable rate loan. |
| Indian Red | Red pigment made artificially by calcining copperas; has excellent permanency, is non-bleeding, alkali- and acid-fast. |
| Indiana Limestone Institute of America, Inc (ILIA) | Stone City Bank Building, Suite 400, Bedford, Indiana 47421, (812) 275-4426. |
| Indicator Button | A device on a hotel lock to indicate whether or not the room is occupied. |
| Indicator Compounds | Chemical compounds, such as carbon dioxide, whose presence at certain concentrations may be used to estimate certain building conditions, for example, airflow. |
| Indienne | A type of printed cotton first imported towards the end of the 16th century. |
| Indirect Costs | All of the costs which cannot be directly attributed in their entirety to the individual unit of production or project. |
| Indirect Luminaire | A lighting fixture that distributes most of its light upward. |
| Indirect Overhead | A firm's general office overhead expenses that are not attributable to any specific job and that would continue even when there is no work on hand. |
| Indirect System | A solar heating or cooling system in which the solar heat is collected outside the building and transferred inside using ducts or piping and fans or pumps. |
| Indirect Waste Pipe | An indirect waste pipe is a pipe that does not connect directly with the drainage system but conveys liquid wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture, interceptor, or receptacle which is directly connected to the drainage system. |
| Individual High Chairs | A welded wire bar support used under a support bar, to provide support for top bars in slabs, joists, or beams; also used to support upper mats of bars in slabs without support bars. |
| Individual Vent | A pipe which is installed to vent a fixture trap and which connects with the vent system above the fixture served or terminates in the open air. |
| Indoor Meter Center | A room or area inside a building or structure where the meters for measuring the usage of water, electricity, or gas are located. |
| Induced Draft | In a boiler, combustion air drawn through the burner or fuel bed by a power driven fan in the flue. |
| Induced Magnetism | Ability of a magnetic field to produce magnetism in a metal. |
| Inductance | A property of an electric circuit by which an electromotive force is induced in it by a variation of current either in the circuit itself or in a neighboring circuit. |
| Induction Baking | Using heat induced by electrostatic and electromagnetic means for baking of finishes. |
| Induction Brazing | A brazing process wherein coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from resistance of the work to the flow of induced electric current and by using a nonferrous filler metal having a melting point above 800° F. but below that of the base metals; the f |
| Induction Motor | An a-c motor which operates on principle of rotating magnetic field; rotor has no electrical connection, but receives electrical energy by transformer action from field windings. |
| Induction Welding | A welding process wherein coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from resistance of the work to the flow of induced electric current with or without the application of pressure. |
| Inductive Reactance | Electromagnetic induction in a circuit creates a counter or reverse (counter) emf (voltage) as the original current changes; it opposes the flow of alternating current. |
| Industrial Compactor | A machine in an industrial setting that compacts or compresses materials. |
| Industrial Equipment | Mechanical or non-mechanical devices used in an industrial setting. |
| Industrial Fluorescent | A large fluorescent light fixture used in an industrial setting. |
| Industrial Hoist | A mechanical device used to lift loads in an industrial setting. |
| Industrial Hygienist | A professional qualified by education, training, and experience to anticipate, recognize, evaluate, and develop controls for occupational health hazards. |
| Industrial Wastes | Liquid wastes which result from the processes employed in industrial establishments and which are free of fecal matter. |
| Industrial Wood Floor | A heavy duty wood floor made of 2 inch thick decking or of wooden blocks laid on end; very resistant to heavy loads and traffic; also called a Factory Floor. |
| Inelastic Analysis | An analysis of deformations and internal forces based on equilibrium, nonlinear stress-strain relations for concrete and reinforcement, consideration of cracking and time dependent effects and compatibility of strains; the analysis shall represent to suit |
| Inelastic Behavior | Behavior of an element beyond its elastic limit. |
| Inert | Chemically unreactive. |
| Inert Gas | 1. A gas that is not reactive, such as helium or neon; see Noble Gas. 2. In welding, a gas which does not normally combine chemically with the base metal or filler metal. |
| Inert Pigment | A nonreactive pigment, filler. |
| Inertia | A property of matter by which it continues in its present state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless that state is changed by an external force. |
| Inertia Block | A concrete pad on which to mount mechanical equipment on vibration isolators, to prevent machinery vibration from being transmitted into the building structure. |
| Infiltration | The passage of air from indoors to outdoors and vice versa; term is usually associated with drafts from cracks, seams or holes in buildings. |
| Inflammable | Capable of being easily ignited; flammable; the opposite is nonflammable. |
| Inflection Point | A point on a curve at which the curvature is zero; in the elastic curve it is the point of zero moment; usually, the curvature of the curve lying to one side of the inflection point is positive, while to the other side it is negative. |
| Information Technology | The use of machines to handle, process, and transmit information. |
| Infra-Red Sensor | A mechanical device that detects motion using infra-red radiation. |
| Infrangible | Not capable of being broken or separated into parts. |
| Infrared | Lying beyond the visible spectrum at its red end. |
| Infrared Lamp | Electrical device which emits infrared rays; invisible rays just beyond red in the visible spectrum. |
| Inglaze Decoration | A ceramic decoration applied on the surface of an unfired glaze and matured with the glaze. |
| Ingot | An oblong piece of cast metal. |
| Ingress | Entrance; the right to enter. |
| Inhibitive Pigment | One which retards the corrosion process. |
| Inhibitor | A substance which prevents chemical reaction such as corrosion or oxidation. |
| Initial Flow | See Flow of Mortar. |
| Initial Set | The start of the setting action in mortar, grout or concrete; see Set,4. |
| Initial Setting Time | The time required for a freshly mixed cement paste, mortar or concrete to achieve initial set. |
| Initial Stress | In prestressed concrete, the stresses occurring in the prestressed members before any losses occur. |
| Injection Molding | A method of manufacturing plastic objects by injecting thermoplastics into molds. |
| Injunction | A court order that requires a party to do or not to do a certain act. |
| Inlay | A decoration in which the design is set into the surface. |
| Inlet | An opening for intake. |
| Inlet Fitting | A fitting or fixture through which circulated or hydro jetted water enters the pool, spa or hot tub. |
| Inlet or Pool Return | Fitting through which filtered water flows into pool. |
| Innovation | The introduction of something new. |
| Inorganic | Not organic; usually of mineral origin. |
| Inorganic Coatings | Chemical colors obtained by combining two or more inorganic chemicals. |
| INR (Impact Noise Rating) | A single figure rating which provides an estimate of the impact sound insulating performance of a floor-ceiling assembly. |
| Insect Screen | A wood or metal frame with fine wire netting to keep out insects, yet permits ventilation. |
| Insert | A device built into the concrete formwork so it is cast integrally into the concrete, usually for attaching something later. |
| Inside corner | The point at which two walls form an internal angle, as in the corner of a room. |
| Inside Corner Trowel | A finishing device used by drywallers and plasterers to finish an inside corner with one pass of a trowel. |
| Inside Drain | A roof drain that is not at the perimeter of the roof, requiring piping inside the building to carry roof drainage to the exterior. |
| Insolation | The total amount of solar radiation -- direct, diffuse and reflected -- striking a surface exposed to the sky. |
| Insolvency | The financial situation in which liabilities exceed assets. |
| Inspection | Examination of completed work or work in process to determine its conformance to the contract requirements and the building code. |
| Inspection Hole | A temporary or permanent opening in work to facilitate inspection. |
| Inspection List | List of defective or incomplete work to be completed after substantial completion; also called Punch List. |
| Inspector | One who examines completed work or the work under progress, such as a building inspector. |
| Instructions to Bidders | Instructions contained in the bidding documents for preparing and submitting bids for a construction project. |
| Instrument | Used broadly to denote a device that has measuring, recording, indicating or controlling abilities. |
| Insulated | Covered and protected in an approved manner with suitable materials of the type and thickness adopted as standard requirements for the voltage and location of the particular material, conductor or part involved. |
| Insulated Block | Hollow masonry block filled with insulation. |
| Insulated Glass | A type of glass constructed in a manner to protect against sound, heat, heat loss, or moisture; double or triple glazed glass. |
| insulated linings | May rely on the weight and composition of the fibers they contain or may incorporate metal particles on the reverse to reflect heat back into the room. Examples: Milium (which is metal-backed) for insulation without weight, roclon (a heavy rubberized fabr |
| Insulated Roof | The roof of a building, constructed of materials that protect against heat, heat loss, or moisture. |
| Insulated Siding | Wall siding that has been manufactured with insulation installed under the finish. |
| Insulating glass | Window or door in which two panes of glass are used with a sealed air space between. Also known as Double glass. |
| Insulating Varnish | A varnish especially designed for the electrical insulation of wires, coils, and electrical appliances. |
| Insulating Wallboard | Foil Backed Gypsum products; see Foil Back. |
| Insulation | Any material high in resistance to heat transmission that, when placed in the walls, ceiling, or floors of a structure, and will reduce the rate of heat flow. |
| Insulation | Any material used to reduce the effects of heat, cold or sound transmission and to reduce fire hazard; any material used in the prevention of the transfer of electricity, heat, cold, moisture and sound. |
| Insulation Board 1 | Insulation of various types in the form of a rigid board. 2. A low-density board made of wood, sugar cane, cornstalks, or similar material; it is dried and usually pressed to a thickness of 1/2 or 25/32 inch; also called Fiberboard. |
| Insulation board, rigid | A structural building board made of coarse wood or cane fiber in ½- and 25/32-inch thickness It can be obtained in various size sheets, in various densities, and with several treatments. |
| Insulation Equipment | Mechanical devices used to distribute insulated materials in walls, attics or crawlspaces. |
| Insulation Fastener | A device used to fasten different types of insulation to floors, walls, roofs, or ceiling surfaces. |
| Insulation Material | Material which is a poor conductor of heat; used to retard or slow down flow of heat through wall or partition. |
| Insulation Removal | The process of ridding a building or structure of insulation. |
| Insulation, Calcium | See Calcium Insulation. |
| Insulation, Duct | See Duct Insulation. |
| Insulation, Electric | See Electric Insulation. |
| Insulation, Gymnasium Underfloor | See Gymnasium Underfloor Insulation. |
| Insulation, Masonry | See Masonry Insulation. |
| Insulation, Pipe | See Pipe Insulation. |
| Insulation, Rigid | See Rigid Insulation. |
| Insulation, Sill Sealer | See Sill Sealer Insulation. |
| Insulation, Sound Attenuating | See Sound Attenuating Insulation. |
| Insulation, Sprayed | See Sprayed Insulation. |
| Insulation, thermal | Any material high in resistance to heat transmission that, when placed in the walls, ceiling, or floors of a structure, will reduce the rate of heat flow. |
| Insulative Panel | Flat sheet material made of insulative material to improve thermal resistance characteristics of assembly. |
| Insulative Panel, Foil-Face | Flat sheet material made of insulative material that has aluminum foil on one face to improve thermal resistance characteristics of the assembly. |
| Insulative Wall Sheathing, Foil-Faced | Flat sheet material of foil-faced insulative board material secured to the exterior side of exterior wall studs, used to create a rigid surface on the building superstructure and serve as base to receive siding or veneer construction. |
| Insulator | A ceramic fitting which insulates electrical wires. |
| Insulator Spool | A device designed and used to support a conductor and electrically separate it from other conductors or objects. |
| Insurance | A contract whereby one party undertakes to indemnify or guarantee another against loss from specified perils. |
| Insurance Premium | The amount paid to an insurance company for protection against property or business losses and liabilities. |
| Insured | Covered by insurance. |
| Intaglio | A carving incised in hard material. |
| Intangible | Something that cannot be precisely measured or assessed; impalpable; not having physical substance. |
| Intangible Assets | Assets having no physical nature, but having value derived from the rights conferred upon their owner, such as goodwill. |
| Integral Cove Base | A coved base produced by running a flooring material up the wall. |
| Integrated System | A solar heating or cooling system in which the solar heat is absorbed in the walls or roof of a dwelling and flows to the rooms without the aid of complex piping or ducts. |
| Intense Color | A strong, vivid color. |
| Intensity | A subjective measure of the force of an earthquake at a particular place as determined by its effects on persons, structures and earth materials; intensity is a measure of effects as contrasted with magnitude which is a measure of energy. |
| Intensity Level (IL) | A measure of the acoustic power passing through a unit area expressed on a decimal scale. |
| Intercepting Drain | A drain that intercepts and diverts ground water before it reaches the area to be protected; also called a Curtain Drain. |
| Interceptor | Any device installed in the drainage system to prevent the passage of grease or other solid materials such as sand. |
| Intercoat Contamination | In painting, the presence of foreign matter between successive coats. |
| Intercom | An Intercommunication System. |
| Intercommunication System | A local telephone system within a building or a group of rooms or offices. |
| Interest | A charge for borrowed money; to calculate the amount of interest. Interest = Principal x Rate x Time. |
| Interest Rate | The amount of interest, expressed as a percentage of the principal per period of time, for example, 8 percent per annum. |
| Interface | 1. A surface forming a common boundary between two regions. 2. A point where interaction occurs between two systems or processes. 3. An electrical component that connects a computer to another piece of equipment. |
| Interference Body Steel Bolt | High strength bolt with hardened steel ribs on bolts shank to facilitate driving of bolts in misaligned holes. |
| Intergrown Knot | A knot whose rings of annual growth are completely intergrown with those of the surrounding wood. |
| Interim Financing | A construction loan, to be paid off from the permanent loan upon completion of construction; also called Interim Loan. |
| Interim Loan | See Interim Financing. |
| Interior Decorator | One who selects, and sometimes purchases, furniture, floor coverings, and fabrics, and designs interior color schemes. |
| Interior Designer | One who designs interiors of buildings. |
| Interior Elevation | An architectural drawing showing the projection on a vertical plane of an interior surface of a building. |
| Interior Finish | Material used to cover the interior framed areas or materials for walls and ceilings. |
| Interior Painting | The process of painting the inside surfaces and trim of a building or structure. |
| Interior Plywood | A general term for plywood manufactured for indoor use or in construction subjected to only temporary moisture; the adhesive may be interior, intermediate or exterior. |
| Interior Stucco | Finish plaster for walls and ceilings, finishing, smooth, or textured, consisting of a mechanically blended compound of Keene's cement, lime (Type S), and inert fine aggregate; color pigment may be added to produce integrally colored interior stucco; also |
| Interior Trim | General term for all the molding, casing, baseboard, and other trim items applied within the building by finish carpenters. |
| Interior Veneer | A veneer applied to surfaces other than weather- exposed surfaces. |
| Interior Wood Paneling | Wood panel members used to cover and finish interior walls; often prefinished. |
| Interior Wood Trim | Finish components of wood such as moldings applied around openings and intersections of surfaces at interior locations. |
| interlining | A soft layer of cloth placed between the face fabric and lining to provide insulation and also improve the way the curtain or drapery hangs. |
| Interlocked | So arranged that a sequence of operation or steps are electrically or mechanically assured. |
| Interlocked-Grained Wood | Grain in which the fibers put on for several years may slope in a right-handed direction, and then for a number of years the slope reverses to a left-handed direction, and later changes back to a right-handed pitch, and so on; such wood is exceedingly dif |
| interlocking | A method of linking layers of face fabric, interlining, and lining using long, loose stitches known as lockstitch. |
| Intermediate Coat | Middle coat; guide coat. |
| Intermediate Course | Any layer between the wearing course and the base. |
| Intermittent | Intermittent duty is a requirement of service that demands operation for alternate intervals of (1) load and no load; or (2) load and rest; or (3) load, no load and rest. |
| Intermittent Cycle | Cycle which repeats itself at varying time intervals. |
| Intermittent Welding | Welding wherein the continuity is broken by recurring unwelded spaces. |
| Internal Control | The method and procedures adopted within a business to safeguard assets and control its operations. |
| Internal Friction | Resistance to sliding within a mass of wet or dry earth, sand, or gravel. |
| Internal Mix | A spray gun in which the fluid and air are combined before they leave the gun. |
| Internal Vibrator | Metal vibrating head immersed in fresh concrete during placement to consolidate fresh concrete; used primarily in cast in place construction. |
| International Building Code | Produced by International Code Council. |
| International Code Council | 5203 Leesburg Pike, #708, Falls Church, VA 22041, (703) 931-4533. |
| International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) | 5360 South Workman Mill Road, Whittier, California 90601, (310) 699-0451. |
| International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration (IIAR) | 1200 19th Street, NW, #300, Washington, DC 20036, (202) 223-4579. |
| International Masonry Institute (IMI) | 823 15th Street, NW, #1001, Washington, DC 20005, (202) 783-3908 |
| International Symbol of Accessibility | A symbol adopted by Rehabilitation International's 11th World Congress for the purpose of indicating that buildings and facilities are accessible to persons with disabilities. |
| Interpass Temperature | In a multiple-pass weld, the lowest temperature of the deposited weld metal before the next pass is started. |
| Interply | Between two layers of roofing. |
| Interpolate | Estimate the in between values from known ones in the same range. |
| Interrogatories | Written questions that a person in a lawsuit or litigation must answer in writing, under oath. |
| Interrupting Capacity | The maximum current at its rated voltage that a device will open without injury to any part other than replaceable fuses. The interrupting capacity shall be determined from the recognized standards for testing equipment. |
| Intersect | To met and cross at a point. |
| Intersection | A place where two or more things meet and cross at a point. |
| Interstate Commerce Commission | Government body which controls the design and construction of pressure containers. |
| Interstice | A space that is between things, like the grout space between ceramic tiles. |
| Intestate | A person not having made a will before death. |
| Intumesce | To foam, swell, froth, or bubble up as a result of heat, liquid, air or chemical action. |
| Intumescence | An enlarging, swelling or bubbling up, as under the action of heat. |
| Inventory | Includes all material, labor and overhead on jobs which are currently in progress, less any amounts which have been billed to customers. |
| Invert | The lowest portion of the inside of any horizontal pipe. |
| Invert of a Pipe | The inside bottom elevation; the flow line. |
| Invert, Manhole | The lowest inside surface of a manhole; a channel in the manhole through which wastewater or stormwater flows. |
| Inverted Arches | Arches that appear to have been built upside down; used to distribute the weight of the wall from pier to pier. |
| inverted pleat | A pleat formed like a box pleat in reverse, so that the edges of the pleat meet in the middle on the right side of the fabric. |
| Inverted Roof | A membrane roof assembly in which the thermal insulation lies above the membrane. |
| Inverted Roof Membrane Assembly (IRMA) | A roofing system where the membrane is applied to the substrate and the insulation boards are on top, weighted down by gravel and rock ballast. |
| Invisible Hinge | A hinge so constructed that no parts are exposed when the door is closed. |
| Invitation to Bid | A formal written invitation to submit a bid, usually placed in trade papers or newspapers, informing prospective bidders about a project; necessary for public work but not for private work. |
| Invited Bidders | A closed list of bidders decided by owner and architect as the only ones who may bid a job. |
| Invoice | A list of goods shipped or services rendered, with prices and charges. |
| Involuntary Lien | Any legal claim that is placed on a property without the permission of the owner, such as a mechanics lien. |
| Involute Curve | A curve traced by a thread unwound from another curve. |
| Iodine | A chemical compound containing iodine; potassium or sodium iodide, when used with a suitable oxidizing agent such as chlorine, will release iodine in pool water. |
| Iodine Number | A means of identifying and specifying qualities of oils, resins and waxes, based on fact that different qualities of these products will absorb different quantities of iodine. |
| Ion | Group of atoms or an atom electrically charged. |
| Ionic | The order of Greek architecture characterized by a column with scroll shapes on either side of the capital. |
| Ionization | Breaking up of molecules into two or more oppositely charged ions; an ion is one of electrified particles into which molecules are divided by the use of water and other solvents. |
| Ionization Detector | A mechanical device indicating the presence of certain gaseous compounds and amount of ions produced when subjected to ultraviolet light or hydrogen flame. |
| IPM | Integrated Pest Management. |
| IPS | Iron pipe size |
| IR Drop | Electrical term indicating the loss in a circuit expressed in amperes times resistance (1 x R) or voltage drop. |
| Irish Confetti | A rock or brick used as a missile. |
| IRMA | Inverted Roof Membrane Assembly. |
| Iron | A heavy malleable ductile magnetic silver-white metallic element that readily rusts in moist air and is the most used of metals. |
| Iron Blue | Blue pigment which depends on iron content to provide blue color. |
| Iron Driers | Driers with high tinting strength which limits use to colored finishes. |
| Iron Oxide | Ferrous oxide; corrosion of iron by oxidation of the surface; rust; iron oxide is available in three forms; red, brown and yellow; it is known under a variety of names, such as Red Oxide, Jeweler's Rouge, Venetian Red, Ferric Oxide, Indian Red, Red Ochre, |
| Iron Phosphate Coating | Conversion coating; chemical deposit. |
| Iron-Phosphate Treated | Cleaning and treatment of steel deck prior to forming. |
| Ironstone Ware | Stone china, white granite ware, historic terms for a durable English earthenware. |
| Irregular Stone | Stone cut to or quarried in various shapes and sizes. |
| Irrigation | Lawn sprinkler system. |
| Irrigation, Lawn | To supply water to grassy areas by artificial means. |
| Isinglass | Mica. |
| Isobar | Lines on a map connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure at a particular time. |
| Isochronous | Occurring at the same time. |
| Isocyanate Resins | Urethane resins. |
| Isogram | A line on a map or chart connecting points of equal value, as of temperature, elevation, or precipitation. |
| Isohyetal Line | A line on a map or chart connecting points of equal rainfall in a specified period. |
| Isolated | Not readily accessible to persons unless special means for access are used. |
| Isolation | An acoustical term used to describe sound privacy by reducing direct sound paths. |
| Isolation Interface | The boundary between the upper portion of a structure, which is isolated, and the lower portion of the structure, which moves rigidly with the ground. |
| Isolation Joint | A separation between adjoining parts of a concrete structure, usually a vertical plane, at a designed location such as to interfere least with performance of the structure, yet such as to allow relative movement and avoid formation of cracks elsewhere in |
| Isolation System | The collection of structural elements which includes all individual isolator units, all structural elements which transfer force between elements of the isolation system, and all connections to other structural elements; the isolation system also includes |
| Isolator Unit | A horizontally flexible and vertically stiff structural element of the isolation system which permits large lateral deformations under design seismic load; an isolator unit may be used either as part of or in addition to the weight-supporting system of th |
| Isolator, Vibration | See Vibration Isolator. |
| Isometric Drawing | The representation of an object in isometric projection; an isometric drawing looks like a perspective but all lines parallel to the three major axes are measurable. |
| Isometric Projection | Axonometric projection in which all three faces are equally inclined to the drawing surface. |
| Isosceles Triangle | A triangle having two equal sides. |
| Isoseismals | Map contours drawn to define limits of estimated intensity of shaking for a given earthquake. |
| Isothermal | Changes of volume or pressure under conditions of constant temperature. |
| Isothermal Expansion and Contraction | Action which takes place without a temperature change. |
| Isotropic | Exhibiting the same properties in all directions. |
| Italian stringing | A way of drawing curtains in which the curtains are joined in the center and the actual heading remains fixed while the curtains draw backwards and forwards by means of diagonally strung cords placed about one-third of the way down the curtains; also call |
| Ivory | A hard creamy white substance that makes up the tusk of an elephant, walrus, hippopotamus, or narwhal. |
| Ivory Black | A high grade bone black pigment; formerly made by charring or burning ivory. |
| Ivory Paper | See Cream Paper. |
| Ivory Tower | 1. A state of seclusion or separation from the practicalities and realities of life. 2. Academia. |